After the end
of Independence war 1887, Subcontinent came under the direct rule of British
crown formally after the legislation of Government of Indian Act 1858. Through
the land of subcontinent British tried to get control in Afghanistan, Burma and
in other neighboring parts of South Asia. Indian Subcontinent was a strategic
location for the British by means of economy, international politics or else.
Thereby, to get a firmed position British crown appointed most powerful
politicians as secretaries of Indian state. The British government in Indian
consisted wholly of British officials. The council was headed by the viceroy
and appointed members. After the Indian Council Act 1861 the executive council
acted as a cabinet and also part of imperial legislative council. There were
eleven provinces with its own governor and assisted by provincial legislative
councils of appointed officials. A small number of Indian council members were
merely appointed for consultative purposes.
Queen announced
Victoria’s proclamation to deal social difference in Indian. This supported the
native princes to keep their rule but according to the interest of British
crown. Non-intervention in matters of religious beliefs was equally applied to
avoid reoccurring of mutiny. The British were considering them the superior class
thus they made a wall of difference between Indian and goras. In every
discipline they portrayed Indian culture, literature, political structure by
comparing Indian through rationalism, humanism and doctrine of progress. The
mission behind this difference was to keep their identity as the superior class
and strengthen the established British rule ruler by maintaining inferiority
complex. They simply preached the superiority of western thoughts and tried to
create inferiority complex. The British also gave a setback to Indian economy.
Indian resources were exported to England through the trains. Thus when they
left their economic, social and political exploitation in Indian listed the
Indian Subcontinent as world’s poorest region that once counted as the richest
parts of the world.
The British also tried to expand their rule to
the nearby parts such as Afghanistan and Burma. They successfully invaded the upper
part of Burma, yet couldn’t make the direct rule in Afghanistan however,
compelled the Amir of Afghanistan to act as their puppet for their
international politics. The Indian Council Act 1892 and 1909 gave the Indian
Nationalists a major chance to participate both in imperial and provincial
legislative council. The aggression of Indian Nationalist got its peak when the
British in World War I decided to war against Germany on behalf of India
without consulting with the locals. The war caused great human loss to India.
After World War II when British got the enormous loss in the war the Indian
Nationalists become successful in driving away the British rule from
subcontinent. So did Burma and the other parts South Asia also got rid of the
racialism rule of British.
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